Sofia's settlement story reaches back to roughly the seventh millennium BCE, making it one of Europe's oldest continuously inhabited capital areas.
City
Sofia
Verified facts
Roman Serdica grew around thermal springs, and mineral water still bubbles in the city centre near the former Central Mineral Baths.
On many Sofia workdays, the team's buses and metro rides added up to roughly three hours—an early lesson that a city's travel reality is measured in connections and commute time, not map distance alone.
Sofia became the capital of modern Bulgaria on April 3, 1879, when it was still a comparatively small post-Ottoman city.
The city was known as Serdica, then Sredets, before the name Sofia took hold from the Church of Saint Sophia.
Reference
Contactless bank-card travel in Sofia caps at €2 per calendar day after enough eligible city-transit taps, provided the same card or device is used throughout.
A reusable Sofia City Card costs about €1.50 before loading travel value; a paper Ultralight card costs about €0.40.
A standard Sofia metro or city-transit single fare is €0.80 in 2026 after Bulgaria's euro adoption.
Where it fits
Bulgaria